Trim the root end of the enoki mushrooms and gently separate them into smaller bunches. Wash off any dirt and drain.
Bring a pot of water to a boil, add 1 tsp salt, and blanch the enoki mushrooms for 1 minute. Drain and rinse with cold water. Gently squeeze out the excess water.
Place the minced garlic and chopped chilies in a heatproof bowl. Heat neutral oil until smoking hot and pour over the garlic mixture — it should sizzle.
Add soy sauce, black vinegar, sugar, salt, bouillon powder (if using), sesame oil, chili oil, and toasted sesame seeds to the bowl. Stir well to combine.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the enoki mushrooms, shredded cucumber, shredded carrot, and cilantro. Pour the sauce on top and toss everything together.
Top with crushed peanuts and extra cilantro. Serve right away, or chill for 10 minutes before serving for an extra refreshing bite.